Children get ill frequently — the average child has 6–8 viral upper respiratory infections per year. While most childhood illnesses are benign and self-limiting, knowing how to manage them safely and when to seek help gives parents confidence and avoids unnecessary anxiety.

Fever in Children

Fever (temperature above 38°C) is not an illness — it’s an immune response, signalling that the body is fighting an infection. In itself, moderate fever is not harmful. The decision to treat fever should be based on the child’s comfort and whether it’s preventing them from drinking fluids — not on hitting a specific temperature number. Paracetamol suspension (Calpol, Disprol) is appropriate for children from 2 months (minimum 4kg). Ibuprofen suspension from 3 months (minimum 5kg, over 7kg for full dose). Both reduce fever and pain and can be alternated for better control in high fevers. Don’t give aspirin to anyone under 16. Don’t routinely give antipyretics simply to prevent febrile convulsions — evidence shows they don’t reduce this risk.

Red flags in a feverish child — seek urgent medical attention for: a non-blanching rash (possible meningococcal disease), stiff neck, sensitivity to light, continuous crying or extreme irritability, bulging fontanelle (in infants), fever above 38°C in any infant under 3 months, a fever persisting beyond 5 days, or any child who appears seriously unwell regardless of temperature.

Teething

Teething typically begins around 4–7 months and continues through the second year. Symptoms: drooling, chewing on objects, irritability, sore gums — redness and swelling over the erupting tooth. Mild fever and loose stools are commonly attributed to teething but evidence that teething causes significant fever is poor — always consider another cause. Treatment: chilled (not frozen) teething rings to numb and counter-pressure the gums. Teething gels containing lidocaine (a local anaesthetic) such as Bonjela Teething Gel are appropriate from 3 months — apply with a clean finger up to 4 times daily. Oral paracetamol for significant distress.

Coughs and Colds in Children

There are no licensed OTC cough and cold medicines for children under 6 in the UK — they were withdrawn in 2009 due to lack of evidence and safety concerns. For children under 6: honey (for children over 1 year) is probably the most evidence-supported remedy. Saline nasal spray or drops for congestion. Steam inhalation (with adult supervision). Paracetamol or ibuprofen for fever and discomfort. Plenty of fluids. For children 6–12, a very limited number of OTC cough preparations are available — ask your pharmacist.

Conjunctivitis in Children

Sticky eyes and conjunctivitis are extremely common in babies and young children. Cleaning with clean cotton wool and cooled boiled water from inner to outer corner of the eye is often sufficient for mild cases. Chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drops are approved OTC for children over 2 years. For children under 2, see a GP — they may still prescribe chloramphenicol but it requires clinical assessment.

Shop children’s medicines at Huncoat Pharmacy. Related: Cold & Flu Guide, Eye Care Guide.

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