Haemorrhoids — commonly called piles — affect approximately half of all adults at some point before age 50, yet they remain a topic most people are reluctant to discuss. They’re common, treatable, and highly preventable with the right lifestyle changes.
What Are Haemorrhoids?
Haemorrhoids are enlarged, engorged vascular cushions in the anal canal and lower rectum. Everyone has these structures — they contribute to continence. The problem arises when they swell, prolapse or bleed. Internal haemorrhoids develop inside the anal canal and may prolapse outwards during defecation. External haemorrhoids develop under the perianal skin and can become painful if they thrombose (form a clot). Symptoms vary by type and grade: bright red bleeding on toilet paper or into the pan (internal), mucus discharge, anal discomfort and itch, a feeling of incomplete emptying, and — with external or prolapsed haemorrhoids — pain.
What Causes Them?
Straining during defecation is the primary cause — increased intra-abdominal pressure engorges the haemorrhoidal vessels. Chronic constipation or diarrhoea, prolonged sitting (including on the toilet — avoid reading on the toilet), low-fibre diet, pregnancy (increased pressure from the uterus and hormonal relaxation of vessel walls), obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle all contribute.
OTC Treatment Options
Topical preparations containing a combination of: local anaesthetic (lidocaine, benzocaine) — reduces pain and itch, hydrocortisone — reduces inflammation and itch, zinc oxide — protective, astringent, promotes healing, and astringent agents (witch hazel, bismuth). Products: Anusol Ointment/Suppositories — zinc oxide based, promotes healing, helps reduce prolapse. Anusol HC — adds hydrocortisone for more significant inflammation. Preparation H — phenylephrine-based vasoconstrictor. Germoloids — lidocaine + zinc oxide. Apply up to 4 times daily; use morning, evening and after each bowel movement. Suppositories are appropriate for internal haemorrhoids. Use maximum 7 days for preparations containing hydrocortisone without medical advice.
Lifestyle Modifications for Prevention
Increase dietary fibre to 30g/day — the single most effective long-term measure. Stay well hydrated (fibre without fluid can worsen constipation). Avoid straining — if stool isn’t passed within 5 minutes, come back later. Use a footstool to achieve a squatting position. Exercise regularly. Avoid prolonged sitting. Never ignore the urge to defecate.
Browse Digestive Health products at Huncoat Pharmacy. Related: Constipation Guide, Gut Health Guide.
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